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SCENES 
FROM   EVERY  LAND 

PICTURING    THE   PEOPLE,  NATURAL   PHENOMENA 

AND   ANIMAL   LIFE   OF  ALL    PARTS 

OF   THE    WORLD 


THIRD    SERIES 


EDITEn    15V 


GILBERT   H.  GROSVENOR 

DIRECTOR    AND    EDITOR    OF   THE 

NATIONAL   GEOGRAPHIC 

SOCIETY 


PUBLISHED    BY    THE    NATIONAL    GEOGRAPHIC    SOCIETY 
WASHINGTON,  D.  C. 

U.  S.  A. 


Copyright,  li»07,  1909,  and  1912, 

by  the 

NATIONAL    GEOGRAPHIC    SOCIETY 


THE   NATIONAL  GEOGRAPHIC  SOCIETY 

THE  National  Gfo<^raphic  Society,  which  publishes  this  volume,  is  by  many 
thousands  the  lar<i;est  scientific  society  in  the  world  and  the  most  iniiciue 
educational  association  in  existence. 

The  National  Ge()<rraphic  Society  was  founded  in  January,  1«S8.  by  a  small 
group  of  explorers  and  research  students  in  Washington,  "to  promote  the  increase 
and  diffusion  of  geographic  knowledge."  For  the  first  ten  years  its  membership 
was  limited  exclusively  to  technical  geographers.  They  were  aml)itious  that  tiie 
Society  should  conduct  explorations  and  researches  of  its  own,  and  that  it  should 
also  strive  to  make  the  study  of  geography  more  interesting  in  our  schools  and  to 
the  public  at  large.  But  to  achieve  these  laudable  purposes  more  funds  were 
necessary  than  were  provided  by  the  small  annual  fees  of  several  hundred  mem- 
bers. Dr.  Alexander  Graham  Bell,  who  became  president  of  the  organization  in 
1898,  suggested  that  both  objects  might  be  secured  if  the  Society  could  develop  a 
geographical  magazine  of  sufficient  interest  to  be  supported  by  the  public  ;  tliat 
a  magazine  of  large  circulation  would  earn  a  revenue  for  the  Society  which  could 
be  devoted  to  explorations  and  research,  and  at  the  same  time  the  magazine,  by 
reaching  many  thousands  of  readei*s  each  month,  would  also  accomplish  the  second 
object  of  the  society,  namely  — popularize  geographical  study. 

The  Society  adopted  Dr.  Bell's  suggestion  and  opened  its  doors  to  all  who 
desired  to  promote  geographical  science — teachers,  lawyers,  bankers,  agricultur- 
ists, engineers,  physicians.  Every  worthy  man  or  woman  who  wished  to  study  the 
world  upon  which  we  live  was  admitted  to  its  membership  rolls — the  only  limi- 
tation being  that  he  or  she  be  nominated  by  one  already  a  member — and  at  the 
same  time  the  journal  of  the  society,  which  had  hitherto  been  strictly  technical, 
and  which  the  Society  had  with  difficulty  supported,  was  changed  so  as  to  appeal 
to  every  thoughtful,  but  not  necessarily  technical,  reatk  .  The  scientific  standard 
of  the  magazine  was  maintained,  but  many  popular  features  were  added  and  the 
articles  were  designed  to  be  of  interest  to  every  one. 

The  plan  has  proved  most  successful.  To-day  the  Society  has  a  membership  of 
150,000,  an  income  of  more  than  $350,000  a  year,  and  after  payment  of  all 
expenses  for  its  very  handsome  magazine,  has  an  annual  sum  of  S50.0()() 
to  $60,000  available  for  geographical  research  and  exploration.  Thus  the 
National  Geographic  Society,  unlike  every  other  scientific  society,  is  supported 
in  luxury  by  its  magazine,  instead  of  being  cramped  to  support  its  journal. 

The  popularity  and  success  of  the  National  Geographic  Magazine  are  justified 
by  its  contents.  No  magazine  in  the  world  prints  so  many  wonderfully  uni(|ue 
illustrations,  such  large,  useful,  and  distinctive  maps,  or  so  many  stimulating  and 
instructive  articles  by  prominent  men  as  the  National  Geographic  Magazine.  In 
its  educational  value  we  believe  the  magazine  is  unequaled  by  any  other  periodical. 

Explorers  in  the  most  remote  corners  of  the  earth  are  identified  with  the 
National  Geographic  Society  and  this  magazine.  Its  truthful  narrati\es  rival  in 
interest  the  fables  of  old.  and  the  wonders  of  photography  are  revealed  in  its 
illustrations. 

The  magazine  each  year  makes  a  volume  of  1,300  pages,  containing  more  than 
eleven  hundred  pictures,  several  large  colored  maps,  and  several  panoramas. 
Some  special  features  of  the  magazine,  besides  its  maps  and  illustrations,  are : 

1.  Timely  information  about  those  parts  of  the  world  most  prominent  in 
the  public  eye.  It  has  recently  published  a  China  number,  with  V20  illustrations, 
and  a  map  of  China,  16x5^4  inches,  in  colors;  a  Panama  Canal  number,  with 
forty-eight  illustrations:    a  Russia-Siberia  number,  with   100  illustrations,  fifty 

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being  in  colors;  a  National  Parks  number,  with  ninety  illustrations;  a  Mexico 
number,  with  a  map  in  five  colors,  llxil-i/,  inciies,  and  titb-t'oiu-  illustrations; 
a  Philippine  number,  with  102  illustrations ;  a  North  Africa  number,  with  articles 
on  Morocco  and  Tunis,  etc.,  with  fifty-five  illustrations;  a  Portugal  number 
with  fifty-two  illustrations  of  Portugal  and  its  colonies  ;  a  mountain  numlK-r,  with 
forty  pictures  of  the  world's  most  beautiful  and  famous  peaks  ;  an  Alaska  numl)er 
with  superb  illustrations  of  the  migiity  mountains  of  our  northern  territory  ;  an 
Africa  nund)er.  with  a  large  map;  an  Arctic  number,  with  a  map  18  x  18  inches 
in  nine  colors,  showing  routes  of  all  explorers,  etc.,  and  three  wild  game  numbers, 
each  containing  over  seventy  extraordinary  photos  of  bull  moose,  caribou,  deer, 
pelicans,  wild  geese,  man-o'-war  birds,  etc.,  by  Hon.  George  Shiras,  5d. 

2.  Wonderfully  illustrated  articles  of  foreign  travel  and  foreign  people. 

A  recent  number  contains  sixty  superb  pictures  illustrating  the  peoph-  and 
marvelous  temples  of  India;  the  most  remarkable  series  of  Indian  photographs 
yet  published.  Another  luunber  contains  seventy  full-page  illustrations  of  scenes 
in  fascinating  Ceylon.  Another  nund)er,  sixty  full-page  pictures  of  the  most  pro- 
fusely and  richly  carved  group  of  buildings  in  the  world,  in  Cambodia. 

3.  A  popular  and  authentic  record  of  the  marvelous  geographic  work  of  the 
United  States  Government.  The  Government  Reclamation  Service,  for  instance, 
has  a  fund  of  $100,000,000,  which  is  being  invested  in  irrigation  works.  The 
United  States  Forest  Service  has  charge  of  134,606,058  acres  of  forest  land, 
worth  $1,500,000,000;  the  United  States  Department  of  Agriculture  has 
explorers  scouring  the  earth  for  new  plants  and  new  fruits  with  wliich  to  enrich 
our  country. 

The  National  Geographic  Magazine  is  sent  to  every  member  of  the  National 
Geographic  Society  free  of  charge.  As  stated  above,  it  is  printed  by  the  Society 
for  the  sole  purpose  of  increasing  and  diffusing  geographic  knowledge.  It  is  not 
published  to  make  a  fortune  for  any  individual,  but  is  the  property  of  a  great 
national  organization  which  reinvests  practically  all  receipts  from  the  Magazine 
in  the  publication  itself,  or  in  research  work  by  the  Society. 

The  National  Geographic  Society  is  conducting  explorations  in  many  regions. 
In  1912,  in  co-operation  with  Yale  University,  it  has  maintained  a  large  expedi- 
tion in  Peru,  making  geographical,  geological,  and  arclueological  investigations 
around  Cuzco,  in  a  region  which  is  generally  believed  to  have  been  the  birthplace 
of  the  famous  and  little-known  Inca  race.  It  also  has  an  expedition  in  Alaska  investi- 
gating the  recent  eruption  of  Mount  Katmai,  this  study  being  j)riliminary  to  a 
comprehensive  investigation  of  what  is  perhaps  the  most  stupendous  volcanic  belt 
on  the  earth.  Another  party  is  making  a  biological  survey  of  the  country  east  of 
Hudson  Bay.  The  Society  has  just  concluded  a  series  of  investigations,  extending 
over  three  years,  of  the  glaciers  of  Alaska,  one  of  the  most  important  fields  of 
geographical  research  in  America.  Its  earlier  expeditions  to  Alaska  did  much 
pioneer  work  in  the  exploration  of  that  territory.  In  1902,  the  Society  sent  an 
expedition  to  Mount  Pelee  and  La  Souffriere  to  study  the  terrible  erui)tions  of 
these  volcanoes.  The  Society  has  assisted  various  Arctic  expeditions.  notal)lv  tl:e 
last  expedition  of  Robert  E.  Peary,  which  discovered  the  North  Pole,  April  6, 
1909.  In  1909,  it  sent  to  Sicily  a  trained  geologist  to  investigate  the  Messina 
earthquake.  A  popular  account  of  all  expeditions  is  printed  in  the  Magazine,  while 
the  technical  results  appear  in  separate  monographs  published  by  the  Society. 

Other  activities  of  the  Society  include  the  maintenance  of  a  geographical 
library  at  its  headquarters  in  Washington,  the  award  of  gold  mi-dals  for  achieve- 
ments in  discovery  and  geographical  research,  and  an  annual  series  of  addresses 
at  the  National  Capital  by  prominent  men.    During  the  jjast  several  years  tiie 

[7] 


SCENES      FROM      EVERV     LAND 


[8] 


c 


SCENES      FROM      EVERY     LAND 


Society's  pro^nuu  has  included  President  Tail,  President  lloosevelt,  C"ol.  Cieorge 
W.  Goethals,  Chief  Engineer  Panama  Canal,  Robert  E.  Peary,  Sir  Harry  Johnston, 
Sir  Ernest  H.  Shackleton,  Ambassador  Bryce,  Ambassador  Jusserand,  itoald 
Anunidsen,  President  Cliarles  \V.  Eliot  of  Harvard  University,  (iitford  Pinchot. 
Sir  Wilfrid  T.  Grenfell,  George  Kennan,  Dr.  H.  VV.  Wiley,  Dr.  L.  ().  Houard, 
etc.    The  addresses  are  published  in  the  Magazine. 

The  handsome  building  which  the  association  occupies  was  erected  bv  the 
family  of  its  first  president,  Hon.  (Jardiner  Greene  Hubbard,  as  a  memorial  to 
him,  and  given  to  the  Society  for  its  home. 

Thus  the  ambitions  of  the  founders  of  the  National  Geographic  Society  are 
being  fuUilled  and  a  splendid  force  for  the  study  of  the  world  on  which  we  live 
has  gradually  been  created.  More  than  one  million  people  each  month  are  reading 
the  geographical  matters  which  the  Society  distributes  through  its  Magazine,  an(l 
the  study  of  our  own  land,  of  other  peoples  and  other  countries,  is  being  con- 
stantly encouraged. 

Probably  no  other  mental  pursuit  is  at  once  so  entertaining  and  so  l)eneficial, 
because  of  its  broadening  influence  and  practical  value,  as  the  study  of  geography. 
One  reason  that  ex-President  Roosevelt  has  such  a  keen  appreciation  of  the  needs 
of  all  sections  of  the  United  States  is  that  he  has  made  it  his  business  to  study  the 
geographical  conditions  of  every  section.  From  geographical  history  he  knows 
that  ruthless  devastation  of  forests  and  reckless  overgrazing  are  followed  by 
deserts,  and  that,  therefore,  forest  reserves  and  grazing  restrictions  are  necessary 
to  protect  our  future  prosperity.  His  devotion  to  the  Isthmian  Canal,  to  the  go\- 
ernment  irrigation  works,  involving  millions  of  dollars,  to  the  development  of  our 
unrivaled  waterways,  and  to  the  preservation  of  our  natural  resources,  are  largely 
inspired  by  his  constant  study  of  the  map  and  geographical  history  and  geo- 
graphical relations. 

Great  Britain's  success  in  acquiring  the  choicest  portions  of  the  globe  is  par- 
tially explained  by  the  fact  that  her  statesmen  have  usually  kept  a  good  map  and 
secret  reports  of  reliable  explorers  before  them  when  a  "partition"  or  adjustment 
of  boundaries  was  in  progress  ;  while  the  rapid  development  of  Germany's  foreign 
commerce  in  recent  years  emphasizes  the  truth  that  a  knowledge  of  other  natiojis 
and  other  peoples  is  as  essential  to  the  success  of  a  nation  nowadays  as  an  under- 
standing of  other  men  is  necessary  to  the  success  of  the  individual. 

But  geography  has  also  its  lighter  side.  The  returned  traveler  always  finds 
at  home  an  audience  appreciative  of  his  tales  of  strange  sights  in  foreign  lands. 
That  same  trait  in  human  nature  which  makes  gossiping  about  our  neighbor's 
family  so  popular  makes  us  eager  to  hear  about  the  customs  and  manner  of  life 
of  other  peoples.  The  world  has  become  so  small  that  we  are  now  a  "family  of 
nations,"  who  gossip  about  one  anotiier,  and  if  we  cannot  exchange  visits,  we  can, 
at  least,  read  about  each  other,  and,  better  still,  barter  photographs. 

The  First  and  Second  Series  of  "Scenes  From  Every  Land"  were  received 
with  so  much  favor,  the  entire  edition  being  almost  immediately  disposed  of,  that 
the  Third  Series  is  now  presented.  The  illustrations  in  this  new  volume  are  all 
different  from  those  contained  in  the  First  and  Second  Series.  All  the  pictures  in 
this  collection  have  previously  appeared  in  the  National  Geographic  Magazine,  so 
that  those  who  desire  further  information   about  them  can  turn  to  the  original 


number  of  the  Magazine. 


Gilbp:rt    H.   Guosvkxou, 
D'lrrclor  and  Editor,  Nitt'wiitd  (icog-nip/iic  Socicti/. 


t!'] 


SCENES      FROM      E V E R V     LAND 


THE   HOME   OF   THE   NATIONAL   GEOGRAPHIC   SOCIETY 

NATIONAL     GEOGRAPHIC     SOCIETY 

UrBBAKD    MEMORIAL    HALL 
81XTEENTII    A\D    M    .STREETS,    WASHIXGTOX,  D.  C. 


Hknhv  (JANNKiT Presulcnf 

i.).  I*.  ArsTiN Secretary 

(liLHKKT  H.  (Jrosvenor,  .  Director  and  Editor 
John  Oi.ivek  La  Gorce,  .  .  .  Assistant  Editor 


O.  H.  TiTTMANN Vice-President 

John  Joy  Edson Treasurer 

E.  B.  Ku'HELBERfJEK,  .  .  .    Assistant  Treasurer 
Geo.  W.  HrTfHixsoN,   .  .  .  Assistant  Secretary 


Alexander  Graham  Bell 

Inventor  of  the  telephone. 

C.  M.  Chester 

Rear  Admiral  U.  S.  N..  foriiior- 
ly  Supt.  U.  8.  Naval  Observa- 
tory. 

F.  V.  Coville 

Pre.sident  WashiiiKton  .\carlemy 
of  Sciences. 

Rudolph  Kauff.mann 

Managing  lOditor,  The  livening 
.Star. 

T.  L.  Macdonalo,  M.  I). 
Franklin  K.  Lane 

.Member  Interstate  Commerce 
Commission. 

S.  N.  I).  North 

Formerly  Director  U.  .S.  Bureau 
of  Census. 

Henry  F.  Blount 

Vice-President  American  .Secur- 
ity and  Trust  Co. 


T50ARD   OF   MANAGI':RS 

O.  p.  AU.STIN 

Chief  U.  S.  Bureau  of  Statistics. 

Charle.s  J.  Bell 

President  American  Security 
and  Trust  Co. 

George  R.  Putnam 

Commissioner  U.  S.  Bureau  of 
Lighthouses. 

Grant  Squires 

New  York. 

John  Joy  Ed.son 

I 'resident    Washington    Loan   A: 
Trust  Co. 
David  Fairchild 

In  Charge  of  .Agricultural  Ex- 
plorations, Department  of 
Agriculture. 

Georck  Shikas,  3d 

Formerly  Member  of  V.  S.  Con- 
gress, Fautial  Naturalist  ami 
Wild  tiame  Photographer. 

C.  Hart  Merriam 

Chief  U.  S.  Biological  .'Purvey. 


\.  W  .  Gueely 

.\rctic  Explorer,  Major-tieneral 
U.  S.  Army. 
Henry  Gannett 

Chairman  U.  .S.  Geographic 
Board. 

J.  Howard  Gore 

Formerly  Professor  of  Mathe- 
matics, The  George  Washing- 
ton University. 

Gilbert  H.  Grosvenor 
Editor  of  National  Geographic 
Magazine. 

John   K.  I'illsbury 
Rear-Admiral,  U.  S.  N. 

Georce  Otis  Smith 

Director    of    U.     S.    Geological 

.Survey. 
O.   H.  TiTTMANN 

Superintendent  of  U.   S.   Coast 

and  Geodetic  Survey. 

John  .M.  Wilson 

Brigadier-(ieneral  U.  S.  .\rmy, 
formerly  Chief   of   Engineers. 


1(1 


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[18] 


SCENES      FROM      E  V  E  R  V     LAND 


JD 


IL'DDHIST    M  NS,  NEAR   SEOUL,  KOREA 
Photograph  by  William  Wisner  Chapin. 


19 


SCENES      FROM      E  V  E  R  V      LAND 


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SCENES      FROM      E  V  E  R.  V      LAND     '^ 


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[22] 


SCENES      FROM      E V E R V     LAND 


AN   ANGLER   FISH.    NOTE    THE   FILAMENTS   OR   BAIT   WHICH    LURE 

OTHER   FISH 

When  the  angler  is  hungry  it  hunts  out  a  convenient  place  in  shallow  waters,  where  its 
color  and  markings  make  the  fish  indistinguishable  from  the  sea-bottom.  Here  it  lies  quietly, 
often  as  if  dead,  while  its  floating  filaments,  kept  in  motion  by  the  tide,  decoy  other  fish, 
which  never  discover  their  mistake  until  too  late  to  escape  from  the  angler's  merciless  jaws. 


A  FISH  WHICH  CARRIES  A  LANTERN 
This  fish  lives  at  a  depth  of  more  than  a  mile  beneath  the  surface.  As  no  light  penetrates 
so  far,  nature  has  given  it  a  phosphorescent  bulb  which  illuminates  its  way.  The  tiny  fish 
shown  in  this  picture  was  dredged  in  the  Indian  Ocean  at  a  depth  of  more  than  a  mile  (7.200 
feet).  The  bulb-like  upper  figure  is  an  enlargement  of  its  torch.  The  fish  is  one  and  one-half 
inches  long  (excluding  the  rod  and  bulb).  It  swims  with  the  rod  and  torch  pointed  straight 
forward,  and  is  a  most  .successful  forager.  Not  only  the  curiosity  of  the  little  deep-sea  fishes, 
but  their  appetite  is  appealed  to  by  the  worm-like  objects  close  to  or  in  relief  against  the 
phosphorescent  bulb  of  the  anglers. 

Photographs  from  Dr.  Theodore  Gill,  U.  S.  Naiioyial  Miiseum. 

[23  1 


SCENES      FROM      E  V  E  R  V     LAND 


FEMALE  HOUSE-FLY  RESTING  ON  GLASS  AND  SEEN  FROM  ABOVE 
The  house-fly  swallows  many  kinds  of  germs  and  spores,  and  deposits  them  all  day  long 
at  intervals  of  a  few  minutes  in  its  excreta,  the  "fly  specks."  These  germs  and  spores  pass 
through  the  fly  in  less  than  an  hour,  and  come  out  in  the  fly  specks  alive  and  uninjured.  Flies 
spread  more  germs  in  this  way  than  in  any  other.  The  house-fly  sticks  clo.se  to  man  and 
is  a  dangerous  agent  in  the  spread  of  human  diseases.  Di.seases  of  animals  and  plants  are 
spread  in  the  same  way.  The  hairs  on  the  back  of  a  fly  are  not  a  haphazard  arrangement, 
but  correspond  in  number  and  location  on  all  house-flies. —  Photograph  by  N.  A.  Cobb. 


[24] 


SCENES      FROM      EVERY     LAND 


FRONT  VIEW  OF  THE  HEAD  OF  A  HOUSE-FLY 
The  fly  is  one  of  the  most  highly  organized  of  insects.  The  two  large  areas  studded  with 
thousands  of  facets  or  lenses  are  the  compound  eyes.  The  three  simple  eyes  are  seen  at 
the  top  of  the  head  in  the  middle.  The  two  large  pendant  organs  with  "peacock  feathers" 
on  them  are  the  antenna?,  or  "feelers."  A  fly  can  see  in  all  angular  directions.— P/zo/oprap/i 
by  N.  A.  Cobb. 

[25] 


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SCENES      FROM      E  V  E  R  V      LAND 


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[32] 


SCENES      FROM      EVERV      LAND 


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A    Hol'i    BELLE,  DRESSED    FOR   THE    SNAKE    DANCE 
Photograph  by  P.  G.  Gates,  of  Pasadena,  California. 


[34  3 


SCENES      FROM      E  V  E  R  V     LAND 


TAAL   VOLCANO  fPHILIPPINE    ISLANDS)  FROM   BANADERO   THE    MORNING 

AFTER   THE    GREAT   ERUPTION   OF   JANUARY,  1911 

Note  at  the  left  the  black  mud  belching  from  the  crater. 

Photograph  by  Charles  Martin  and  from  Dean  C.  Worcester. 


[35] 


SCENES 


FROM      EVERV     LAND 


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[3G] 


SCENES      FROM      E V E R V     LAND 


PEASANT    IN    RAIN-COAT   AND   HAT,  SEOUL,  KOREA 

The  raincoat  is  made  of  several  overhanging  layers  of  straw,  like  a  thatched  roof. 

Photograph  by  William  Wisner  Chapin. 


[37 


SCENES      FROM      E  V  E  RVLANJD 


A    HUili-CLASS    WOMAN'S    CHAIR,  SEOUL,  KUKEA 

Women  of  the  wealthy  class  never  venture  on  the  street  except  within  a  closely-curtained 

chair,  borne  by  coolies. 


A    I'l.NLllAL    CAR,  SLul  L,    1vI;111:A 
Photographs  by  William  Wisner  Chapin. 


[38] 


SCENES      FROM      E  V  E  R  V     LAND 


[39] 


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[40] 


SCENES      FROM      EVERY     LAND 


THE    WILD    DANCERS   AT   BONTOC,  PHILIPPINE   ISLANDS 
Photograph  from  Dean  C.  Worcester. 


[41] 


SC  EN  E  S      FR.OM      E  V  E  R  V     LAND 


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[42] 


SCENES      FROM      E  V  E  R  V     LAND 


-/    * 


J^ 


THE    HEADMAN    OF   LUBO   AND   HIS    WIKK,   lillLlPPINE    ISLANDS 
Photograph  from  Dean  C.  Worcester. 


43  ] 


SCENES      FROM~~EVERV      LAND 


Q 
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[44] 


SCENES      FROM      E  V  E  R  V      LAND 


^ 


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[45] 


SCENES      FROM      E  V  E  R  V     LAND 


THE  SI.AI'riNG  GAME  OF  THE  BONTOC  IGOROTS,  PHILIPi'lM-;  ISI.ANDh 
The  striker  puts  every  ounce  of  strength  which  he  possesses  into  a  stroke  deHvered  with 
the  flat  of  his  hand  full  upon  the  rigid  thigh  of  his  opponent.  Knots  of  muscle  spring  out  on 
his  arm,  back,  and  legs  as  he  strikes,  and  the  blow  cracks  like  a  revolver  shot.  The  recipient 
endeavors,  .sometimes  with  rather  poor  success,  to  preserve  an  expression  of  contemptuous 
indifference. —  PhotograpliH  from  Dean  C.  Worcester. 


[4r,  ] 


SCENES      FROM      E  V  E  R  V      LAND 


BONTOC  IGOROT  SLAPPING  GAME 
Just  after  the  blow.  The  man  struck  does  not  look  happy.  The  judges  examine  his 
thigh.  If  the  blow  has  been  hard  enough,  blood  will  show  just  beneath  the  skin,  and  he  will 
not  have  the  satisfaction  of  taking  a  whack  at  his  opponent ;  but,  if  this  result  has  not  been 
achieved,  his  opponent  must  take  his  place  on  the  bench  and  be  smitten.  The  contest  con- 
tinues until  one  succeeds  in  producing  the  })lo()f]y  m;irl<  on  the  other 


SUBSTITUTES    FOR    HEAD-HUNTING.     THE    START    OF    A    BONTOC    ICCJROT 

MEN'S    FOOT-RACE 

There  is  no  beating  the  pi.stol  at  the  start,  no  tripping  or  holding,  "no  pocketing. " 

Photographs  by  Dean  C.  Worcester. 


[47] 


SCENES      FROM      E  V  E  R  V     LANP" 


rt   S   S 


[48] 


SCENES      FROM      E  V  E  R  V     LAND 


« 


H 

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u  .  — 


[49] 


D 


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-.0] 


SCENES      FROM      E  V  E  R  V     LAND 


S    t: 


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[51 


SCENES      FROM      E  V  E  FL  V     LANDj:^ 


[52] 


SCENES      FROM      E  V  E  R  V      LAND 


[53 


^r^r- RNES      FROM      E  V  E  FL  V      LAND     K 


A   MANCHU    MAN   AND   WIP^E 
This  photograph  gives  excellent  examples  of  the  Manchu  race,  which,  after  centuries  of 
sway,  has  recently  been  shorn  of  its  power  by  the  long-subject  Chinese.—  Photograph  and 
Copyright  liy  Vnderirood  &  Underwood. 


[  r.4  ] 


SCENES      FROM      E  V  E  R  V     LAND 


OUR   FRIEND,  THE    PILGRIM 
A  little  old  man  on  a  pilgrimage  to  the  shrine  on  the  sacred  mountain  of  Koyasan,  Japan. 
As  he  slowly  makes  his  way  along  the  lonely  path,  he  tinkles  the  little  bell  which  hangs  from 
his  neck  and  chants  the  invocation:    "May  our  six  senses  be  pure  and  the  weather  on  the 
honorable  mountain  be  fair." —  Photograph  by  William  Wisner  Chapin. 


[55] 


SCENES      FROM      E V E R V     LAND 


-< 


pq  T^  ~ 

2  -S  1 

<  -2  ^ 

E— t  .r-r 


M 


rt 


[56] 


SCENES      FROM      EVERY     LAND 


DRAGON   NING-PO.  CHINA 
Photograph  and  Copyright  by  Underwood  &  Underwood. 


[57] 


F^^Hm^^^eVe  RV      LAND_J^ 


THK    DIUM-TOWER   AND   THE    EXTRAORDINARY    SIGN-POSTS   IN   THE 

PRINCIPAL   STREET   OF   MUKDEN,  MANCHURIA 
There  is  a  keen  rivalry  among  the  shopkeepers  as  to  which  can  put  ^^.J^e  most  georgeous 
and  striking  advertisement  of  their  wares.     The  posts  seriously  impede  traffic  but  the  public 
never  complain.— P/io<ogmp/i  and  Cop/yr/f////  ha  r ndmrood  <.^  Lnderwood. 


[  58  ] 


SCENES      FROM      E  V  E  R  V      LAND     p 


PEKING,  A   TYPICAL   GATEWAY 
Photograph  and  Copyright  by  Underwood  &  Underwood. 


[  59  1 


SCENES      FROM      E  V  E  RV     LAND 


-■  .^v.f 


^ijr- 


A   MEMORIAL   ARCH    TO   THE    MEMORY    OF   A   VIRTUOUS    WIDOW,  A 

COMMON   WAYSIDE    FEATURE    IN   WESTERN   CHINA, 

NEAR    KIUNG-CHOU 

Pliolograph  hi)  E.  H.  Wilson.  Arnold  Arboretum. 


GO  ] 


SCENES      FROM      E  V  E  R  V     LAND 


4-.-V 


i 


'^^^m^%^  ..V 


^•i--- ••j^*^>«|lB!Mi«iter?:W--  ^  »'»**.^  **H.^ 


i'-.-V 


->>■  <«»3^ii^M'J*-*»*'  '*^'^l*f*'*'**** 


A     REMARKABLE     BROAD-LEAVED    EVERGREEN    {Xylmma    ractmusufn     Miq.  i. 

TREE    FIFTY-FIVE    FEET   BY   SIX    FEET,  AMONG   THE    SNOW-COVERED 

GRAVES,  NEAR    ICHANG,  CHINA 

China  possesses  a  greater  variety  of  trees  than  the  whole  of  North  America,  and  of  orna- 
mental shrubs  has  more  varieties  than  are  to  be  found  in  the  temperate  flora  of  all  other  lands. 
Many  of  her  ornamental  trees  and  shrubs  are  suitable  for  cultivation  in  the  parks  and  gardens 
of  the  United  States.  The  broad-leaved  evergreens  of  China,  of  which  a  wonderful  example 
is  shown  in  the  above  photograph,  would  add  immensely  to  the  beauty  of  our  landscape.  It 
is  hoped  that  several  varieties  will  be  found  able  to  thrive  in  our  American  climate. —  Photo- 
graph by  E.  H.  Wilson,  Arnold  Arboretum. 


[01] 


c;r-F,  TSJF.S      FROM      E  V  E  R  V     LAND 


[  ('>2  ] 


sc 


[63] 


SCENES      FROM      E V E R V      LAND 


[r,4] 


SCENES      FROM      E  V  E  R.  V     LAND 


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11 


65] 


CENES   FROM   EVER.V  LAND 


[66] 


SCENES      FROM      E  V  E  R  V      LAND 


[fi7 


SCENES      FROM      E  V  E  FL  V     LAND     |s 


^■m 


MEN  LADExN  WiTli  ■BRICK  TEA"  FUR  THIBET 
One  man's  load  weighs  317  pounds  avoirdupois,  the  other's  298  pounds  avoirdupois.  Men 
carry  this  tea  for  hundreds  of  miles,  accomplishing  about  six  miles  per  day,  over  vile  roads. 
To  the  Thibetans  and  kindred  tribesfolk  tea  is  a  necessity  of  life,  and  with  most  of  their 
trade  with  China  this  commodity  is  taken  in  barter  for  their  wool,  skins,  gold  dust,  medicine, 
etc.,  and  the  Chinese  carry  on  an  extensive  and  profitable  trade  with  these  people.  The  tea 
supplied  by  China  to  Thibetans  is  all  grown  in  western  China,  and  is  of  the  roughest  and  poorest 
quality. —  Photograph  by  E.  H.  Wilson,  Arnold  Arboretum. 


68] 


SCENES      FROM      E  V  E  R  V     LAND 


MAIN    ROAD   FKUAI  CHINA   TO   LHASSA  (CAPITAL   OF   THIBET),  HEREABOUTS 

BLASTED    OUT   OF   HARD    ROCKS,  VALLEY   OF   THE   TUNG 

RIVER,  4,000    FEET 

Several  men  laden  with  "brick  tea"  appear  in  the  left  foreground.— P/fo/ograp/t  by  E.  H. 

Wilson,  Arnold  Arboretum. 


69 


SCENE  S      FROM      E  V  E  FL  V      LAND     |s 


0/    t-c    c 

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[70] 


SCENES      FROM      E  V  E  R  V     LAND 


[71 


SCENES      FROM      E  V  E  R  V     LAND 


m4 1  m 


ii 


A    LIANA    BRIDGE    IN   THE    LAND   OF   THE   CROSSBOW,  SHOWING 

APPROACHES   AND    FASTENINGS 

Photograph  by  George  Forrest. 


[72] 


SCENES      FROM      E  V  E  R  V     LAND 


A   SHINTO   PROCESSION   IN    KYOTO,  JAPAN 

The  marching  ceremonies  of  the  lower  class  of  Shintoists  suggest  to  the  tourist  the  clown  part 
of  a  circus  street  parade,  so  grotesque  is  the  appearance  of  many  of  those  taking  part.  It  is 
possible  that  the  display  is  most  impressive  to  the  faithful,  but  it  conveys  no  religious  significance 
to  others. 


THE    WOOD   MARKET,  SEOUL,  KOREA 

Note  the  bulls  which  are  the  beasts  of  burden  in  Korea ;   also  the  huge  hats  of  the  peasants. 

Photographs  by  William  Wisner  Chapin. 

[73] 


SCENES      FROM      E V E R V     LAND 


[74] 


SCENES      FROM      E V E R V     LAND 


A   SHOE    SHOP   IN   MUKDEN,  CHINA 
Photograph  by  Eliza  R.  Scidmore. 


A   GROUP   OF   CHINESE    WOMEN   AT   SHIH-MEN    KAN.  YUNNAN.  CHINA 

Married  women  who  have  borne  children  have  their  hair  done  up  on  top  of  the  head  in  the 
shape  of  a  horn. —  Photograph  from  China  hiland  Mission,  Toronto. 


C75] 


SCENES      FROM      E  V  E  R  V      LAND 


JJ 


Qi    O 


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76 


SCENES      FROM      E  V  E  R  V      LAND 


[77] 


THE    GREAT   TEMPLE   AT   BUDDHA   GAYA.  INDIA 
The  Great  Te.p.e  of  Maha  Bodhi  at  Buddha  '^y^  ;^^^Z!^:^::^i:2;Z^ 

?i-L'':„L7iir'oi=Xdir.T:4rh:rtt^^^^ 

W.  M.  Zumbro. 


[78] 


SCENES      FROM      EVERY     LAND 


ONE    OF   THE    FOUR   GATEWAYS    IN   THE    STONE    RAIL   SURROUNDING   THE 

GREAT   MEMORIAL   MOUND   COVERING   THE    RELICS   OF 

BUDDHA   AT   SANCHI,  INDIA 

The  mound  is  106  feet  in  diameter  and  forty-six  feet  in  height,  and  was  once  entirely  faced 
with  sculptured  stones.  The  mound  is  seen  in  the  background  of  the  picture.  The  stone  rail 
was  pierced  by  four  gateways  or  Torans,  each  being  a  mass  of  wonderful  carving,  unequaled  by 
anything  of  later  date  in  India.  This  tope  (mound)  is  believed  to  have  been  erected  two 
centuries  before  Christ,  its  carved  rail  and  Torans  probably  later.  Three  of  the  gateways 
remain  in  place.     (See  pages  80  and  8L) —  Photograph  by  W.  M.  Zumhro. 

[79] 


cL 


SCENES      FROM      E  V  E  R.  V     LAND 


[  so  ] 


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SC  EN  E  S      FROM      E  V  E.  R  V     LAN  P" 


SCENES      FROM      E  V  E  FL  V     LAND 


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[  S8  ] 


C  E  N  E  S      F  ROM      E  V  E  R  V      LAND 


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SCENES      FROM      E  V  E  R  V      LAND 


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si; 


SCENES      FROM      E  V  E  R  V     LAND 


THE   MOST   UNIQUE   SANSKRIT   LIBRARY   IN   INDIA,  AT   TANJORE 

About  18,000  manuscripts  are  stored  here,  8,000  of  them  being  wood-bound  volumes,  like 
these,  consisting  of  long  talipot  palm  leaves  engraved  with  a  sharp  metal  stylus.  About 
2, .500  volumes  are  shown  on  these  shelves. 


[87] 


SCENES      FROM      E  V  E  R  V     LAND 


[88] 


SCENES      FROM      E  V  E  Ft  V     LAND 


JD 


^^^'  .'^i-^—^'^'^0*!Mt^:^^'''^^'^''^^-^   **■ 


*i-  ^  i-f  I.-  .'■ 


THE  GREAT  TOWER  OVER  THE  ENTRANCE  TO  THE  HINDU  TEMPLE 

AT  SIRI  RANGAM 

The  tower  is  152  feet  high  and  is  covered  with  course  after  course  of  gods,  warriors,  men,  and 
horses  carved  in  stone.     (See  also  page  88.) — Photograph  by  \V.  M.  Zumhro. 


8'J  ] 


SCENES      FROM      E V E RV      LAND 


im 


Mm 


THE   MOST   LABORIOUSLY   WROUGHT   STONE   CARVING    IN   THE    WORLD, 
THE   TEMPLE    OF  CHENNA   KESAVA   AT   BELUR,  INDIA 

It  was  built  in  the  twelfth  century  to  celebrate  the  conversion  to  Vishnuism  of  a  Jain  ruler. 
Fergusson  says  of  this  particular  porch:  "The  amount  of  labor  which  each  particular  facet 
of  this  porch  displays  is  such  as  never  was  bestowed  on  any  surface  of  equal  extent  in  any 
building  in  the  world." — PJiotograpJi  by  W.  M.  Zumhro. 


!»0  ] 


SCENES      FROM      EVERY     LAND 


A   VIEW   OF  ARAKAWA   RIDGE,  JAPAN 

Many  years  ago  this  double  row  of  cherry  trees  formed  a  delicate  lace-like  edging  for  the 
highway,  which  extended  seventy  miles,  being  even  more  beautiful  than  it  is  to-day. —  Pho- 
tograpli  by  William  Wisner  Chapin. 

[91] 


SCENES      FROM      E V E R V     LAND 


THE   GREAT   TURII   AT    MIYAJIMA,  JAPAN,  AT   HIGH   TIDE 

Rising  from  the  sea,  a  quarter  of  a  mile  from  the  shore,  stands  this  old  emblem.  As  the 
traveler  sails  into  the  beautiful  harbor  of  Miyajima,  he  will  be  impressed  by  the  sight,  and 
reminded  that  not  only  is  the  ground  sacred  upon  which  he  is  about  to  stand,  but  the  sparkling 
waters  of  the  beautiful  bay  as  well. —  Photograph  by  William  Wisner  Chapin. 


[  92  ] 


SCENES      FROM      E  V  E  R  V     LAN  D^ 


ANOTHER   MASTERPIECE    OF   SCULPTURED    STONE,  HULLABID,  INDIA,  TEN 
MILES   FROM   BELUR,  SHOWN    ON   PAGE   90 
It  is  greatly  ruined  now  and  many  of  its  gems  have  been  removed  to  the  Museum  at  Ban- 
galore     When  intact  it  was  the  finest  specimen  of  Indian  art  in  existence      This  column  is 
one  "of  the  most  marvelous  exhibitions  of  human  labor  to  be  found  even  in  the  patient  Last, 
*     *     *     "far  surpasses  anything  in  Gothic  art.     The  effects  are  just  what  the  medieval 
architects  were  often  aiming  at,  but  which  they  never  attained  so  perfe^ctly  as  was  done  at 
HuUabid."     Fergusson  further  says,  placing  this  Hullabid  Temple  and  the  Partheiion  as  the 
two  extremes  of  architecture:    "It  would  be  possible  to  arrange  all  the  buildings  of  the^orld 
between  these  two  extremes,  as  they  tended  toward  the  severe  mtel  ectual  purity  of  the  one 
or  the  playful,  exuberant  fancy  of  the  other;   but  perfection,  if  it  existed,  would  be  somewhere 
near  the  mean."—  Photograph  Inj  W.  M.  Zumhro. 

[93] 


SCENES      FROM      E  V  E  R  V     LAND 


^V^ 


•J 

A   HOLY   MAN   WITH   AN   ARMFUL   OF   PEACOCK   FEATHERS   AND    HIS   HEAD 

IN   AN   IRON   CANGUE   THAT   PREVENTS    HIM   FROM   LYING 

DOWN   OR   LEANING    BACK 


ANOTHKll    lAKIK    OR   HOLY   MAN   LYING    ON    A   BED    OF 
POINTED   NAILS,  INDIA 

Pholograplis  1)1/  W.  M.  Zumhro. 


<t4 


SCENES      FR-OM      EVERY     LAND 


T 


FANATIC    ROLLING   AROUND    THt:    ROCK    AT    SECIM  )ERAMALAI 

Penitents  and  fanatics  may  be  seen  fulfilling  the  most  absurd  vows  at  all  the  sacred  places 
of  India.  This  fanatic  is  rolling  over  and  over  on  the  road  that  makes  the  circuit  of  the  rock 
at  Secunderamalai,  a  distance  of  three  miles. 


-^4^^ 


m:-^ 


'K.^^ 


EXTORTING   ALMS   FROM   PASSERS   BY   IN   INDIA 

The  parents  of  this  child  are  not  doing  penace  for  their  own  sins  by  placing  this  crushing  rock  on 

the  body,  but  are  merely  trying  to  move  the  sympathetic  to  give  alms. 

Photographs  hy  W .  M.  Zumhro. 


[  9r>  1 


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SCENES      FROM      E  V  E  R  V     LAND 


A   TYPICAL   SINHALESE   GIRL   OF   CEYLON,  IN   ORDINARY 

STREET   COSTUME 

Photograph  from  Dr.  Alexander  Graham  Bell. 


li»7] 


SC  EN  E  S      FFLOM      E  V  E  R  V      LAND 


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[98] 


SCENES      FROM      E  V  E  R  V      LAND 


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[99] 


SCENES      F  ROM      EVER-V     LAND 


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[101] 


SCENES      FFLOM      E  V  E  R  V     LAND 


BUDDHIST   TEMPLE   AND   DAGOBA,  WITH    SINHALESE   NUNS   AND 

PRIEST,  CEYLON 
In  leafy  suburbs  there  are  dazzling  white  dagobas,  or  reliquaries,  and  flower-scented  tem- 
ples, where  the  Buddhist  priests  wear  the  same  yellow  robes,  with  bared  shoulder,  and  teach 
the  same  pure  tenets  as  when  Asoka,  the  Indian  Emperor,  sent  his  son  and  daughter  as  mis- 
sionaries to  convert  the  island  people. 


[102] 


SCENES      FROM      E  V  E  R  V     LAND 


SINHALESE    GIRLS   AND   WOMEN;     KANDYAN   JACKETS,  CEYLON 
Note  the  wonderful  luster  of  the  hair.     The  Sinhalese  women,  with  their  brilliant  eyes, 
nice  teeth,  gentle  manners,  and  smiles,  are  most  attractive. —  Photograph  and  Copyright  by 
Underwood  &  Underwood. 


[103] 


SCENES      FROM      E  V  E  R  V     LAND 


A   TAMIL   WOMAN   OF   CEYLON.       NOTE    THE    RINGS   ON   HER   TOES 
Photograph  from  Dr.  Alexander  Graham  Bell. 


104  ] 


SCENES      FROM      EVERY     LAND 


TAMIL   GIRL,  EASTERN   PROVINCE    OF   CEYLON 
Photograph  from  Dr.  Alexander  Graham  Bell. 


[  105 


CENES      FROM      E  V  E  R  V     LAND 


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[  106  ] 


SCENES      FROM      E  V  E  R  V     LAND 


r  107 


SCENES      FROM      E V E R V     LAND 


,^,33aa33'^._ 


A  PORTION  OF  THE  ENTABLATURE  IN  THE  TEMPLE  AT  ANGKOR  WAT, 
SHOWING  GREAT  RICHNESS  OF  ORNAMENTAL  DETAIL 
There  are  seven  bands  of  designs  separated  by  narrow  ribbons  scarcely  less  ornamental. 
These  bands  appear  to  be  conventional  yellow  pond  lilies,  which  abound  in  that  locality,  and 
two  are  lotus-leaf  designs,  all  carved  in  stone.  The  buildings  contain  literally  thousands  of 
square  stone  columns  and  pilasters,  every  one  of  which  is  richly  carved  on  all  .sides,  at  top 
and  bottom. —  Fournereau  Collection. 

[  108  ] 


SCENES      FROM      E V E R V     LAND 


THE    IMEiUUK    Ui-~    A   JAl'AXESE    HOME 

This  glimpse  of  the  interior  of  a  bamboo-and-paper  house  gives  an  idea  of  how  Japanese  ladies 
enjoy  their  cup  of  tea.  It  is  second  nature  for  the  natives  to  sit  in  this  position,  and  they  are  per- 
fectly comfortable,  but  Europeans  find  it  a  very  different  matter. — By  permission  of  F.  C.  Hicks. 


THREE    LITTLE    MAIDS   FROM   SCHOOL 
The  Japanese  maidens  are  so  natural  and  graceful  in  choosing  their  own  postures  for  pictures 
that  it  is  unnecessary  to  pose  them  to  obtain  artistic   results. — Photograph  by  William  Wisner 
Chapin. 

[  109  ] 


SCENES      FROM      E  V  E  R.  V     LAND 


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[110] 


SCENES      FROM      EVERY     LAND 


.f 


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A   QUEEN   WITH   FIVE    TIARAS.  WALL    DECORATION    IN    THE   CENTRAL 
TOWER,  ANGKOR   WAT,  CAMBODIA 

These  are  the  principal  decorative  figures  in  the  most  conspicuous  parts  of  the  temple. 
The  feet  had  to  be  put  on  somehow,  so  the  sculptor  turned  them  sideways.  (See  pages  106, 
108,  and    112    to    115.) — Fournereau  Collection. 


[Ill] 


SCENES      FROM      E  V  E  R  V      LAND 


EXPLOIT  OF  HANAMUNT,  KING  OF  THE  MONKEYS,  ANGKOR  WAT 
By  means  of  his  great  strength  he  is  able  to  seize  two  dragons,  holding  them  in  a  position 
where  they  are  powerless,  and  strangle  them  by  wrapping  his  legs  around  them.  The  most 
interesting  of  all  the  marvelous  decorations  at  Angkor  are  the  processional  bas-reliefs.  Some 
of  these  ba.s-reliefs  are  324  feet  long,  all  of  them  being  carved  in  stone.  Perhaps  the  mo.st 
extraordinary  is  that  depicting  the  battle  between  Men  and  Monkeys,  a  favorite  subject  with 
Cambodian  artists. — Fournereau  Collection. 


[112  1 


SC  EN  E  S   FROM   E  V  E  R  V  LAND  R 


BATTLE  BETWEEN  MEN  AND  MONKEYS,  ANGKOR  WAT 

This  represents  the  center  of  the  combat,  where  the  opposing  forces  are  joined.  The 
antagonists  are  so  crowded  in  the  melee  that  there  is  no  background  left.  This  is  the  best 
of  the  bas-reliefs,  and  is  160  feet  long.  The  part  here  represented  is  no  more  than  ten  feet  in 
width.  The  panorama  contains  more  than  1,000  figures  of  men  and  monkeys,  and,  like  all 
the  bas-reliefs,  is  carved  in  stone. —  Fournercau  Collection. 


[113] 


SCENES 


FROM      EVERV     LAND     |s 


JD 


1114] 


SCENES      FROM      E V E R V     LAND 


p 


ONE    OF   THE    FIFTY-THREE    TOWERS   IN   THE    STRUCTURE    KNOWN   AS 

THE    BAYON,  CAMBODIA 

Showing  the  enormous  Buddha  faces  looking  toward  the  four  cardinal  points  of  the  com- 
pass. Not  only  in  the  fifty-three  towers,  but  in  many  other  parts  of  this  ruin,  these  same 
faces  are  found.  The  Bayon,  conjecture  says,  was  the  Royal  treasury  of  the  Khmers,  and 
formed  part  of  Angkor  Tom,  a  huge  stone-carved  group  of  buildings,  nineteen  times  larger 
than  the  Wat  shown  on  pages  106-114.  It  was  surrounded  by  a  great  wall.  To-day  it  is  a 
mass  of  ruins,  from  which  lofty  trees  reach  high  in  the  air. —  Fournereau  Collection. 

[115] 


"^ 


iJiiK.^ 


UXE    UF    THE    :(h>;   UAS-RELIEFS    CJE   THE   TEMl'EE   AT   EUlU)    EOEDOER,  JAVA 

This  temple  is  one  of  the  largest,  if  not  the  largest,  Buddhistic  edifice  in  the  world.  "Its 
prominent  position  on  the  summit  of  a  hill,  above  which  it  towers  to  a  height  of  120  feet, 
lends  additional  dignity  to  this  marvelous  pyramid.  Stairways  lead  to  the  top  from  each 
of  the  four  sides.  Rising  from  the  summit  is  a  dagoba,  which  contains  a  gigantic  image  of 
Buddha. 

"An  idea  of  the  magnitude  of  the  structure  may  be  gained  from  the  fact  that  there  are  over 
988  bas-reliefs  in  a  good  state  of  preservation,  illustrating  the  life  story  of  Buddha,  while  441 
images  of  Buddha,  each  within  a  small  dagoba  or  shrine  of  its  own,  are  still  in  existence." 
(Ed.  Stanford.) —  Photograph  and  Copyrighf  hy  C.  H.  Graves,  from  Henry  G.  Bryant. 


[  11'!] 


SCENES      FROM      E  V  E  R  V     LAND 


THREE    DYAK   BELLES   OF   BORNEO,  DRESSED   IN   THEIR   FINERY 

The  rings  round  their  bodies  are  made  of  hoops  of  cane,  round  which  little  brass  rings 
are  arranged  close  together,  so  that  none  of  the  cane  is  visible.  These  hoops  are  worn  next 
to  the  body,  above  the  waist  and  over  the  petticoat  below.  The  silver  coins  fastened  to  this 
brass  corset,  and  worn  as  belts  around  it,  are  the  silver  coins  of  the  country.  The  petticoat 
is  a  broad  strip  of  cloth,  sewn  together  at  the  ends  and  having  an  opening  at  the  top  and  bot- 
tom. The  girls  on  the  right  and  left  wear  collars  worked  with  beads  and  colored  threads. — 
From  "Seventeen  Years  Among  tite  Sea  Dyaks  of  Borneo."  by  Eduin  H.  Gomes.  J.  B.  Lip- 
piticoit  Co. 


[117] 


SCENES      FROM      E  V  E  R  V     LAND 


UYAK    (URLS    OF    BORNP^O 

Each  wearing  the  tight  brass  corset  which  fashion  dictates.     (See  page  117.) 

Photographs  from  Ed^vin  H.  Gomes,  Courtesy  of  J.  B.  Lippincott  Co. 

[118] 


SCENES      FR-OM      E  V  E  Ft  V     LAND 


WOMEN   IN   THE    SHAN   HILLS   OF   UPPER   BURMAH 

The  women  in  this  part  of  the  world  aspire  to  have  a  long  neck.  Beauty  is  estimated 
from  the  extended  head  pivot.  From  childhood  women  wear  tight  rings  of  brass  about  the 
neck,  an  additional  ring  being  added  at  the  slightest  suggestion  of  relief  from  .strain.  The 
weight  of  the  rings,  added  to  those  which  they  carry  on  their  legs,  must  be  most  unpleasant. 
—  Photograph  by  Alfred  J.  Smith. 


[119] 


SCENES      FROM      E  V  E  R- V     LAND 


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[120] 


SC  BN  E  S      FROM      EVERV     LAN  Pj^ 


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[  121  ] 


SCENES      FROM      EVERV     LAND 


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[122] 


SCENES      FROM      E  V  E  R  V     LAND 


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[123] 


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SCENES      FROM      E V E R V     LAND 


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[124] 


SCENES      FROM      E  V  E  R  V     LAND 


SKINS   FILLED    WITH   WATER 

Zinc  buckets  are  unknown  in  Arabia,  hence  the  necessity  for  the  water  skin.  These  are 
used  all  over  the  land ;  they  are  home-tanned  and  if  cared  for  and  handled  carefully  will  last 
a  long  time. — Photograph  by  Archibald  Fordcr. 


[  125  ] 


SCENES      FROM      E  V  E  FL  V     LAND 


NATIVE    WOMEN    OF   OMAN,  ARABIA 

The   heavy  silver  anklets,  ear-rings,  bracelets,  and   nose  jewels   are  typical,  as   is   also   the 
peculiar  veil  worn  over  the  face. — Photogrdph  hy  Rev.  S.  M .  Zurmer. 


[  126  1 


SCENES      FROM      E  V  E  R  V     LAND 


^!i^a0' 


THE   NATIVE   AMBULANCE,  JAPAN 
It  would  be  uncomfortable  enough  for  a  person  in  robust  health  to  be  carried  for  any  distance 
in  this  tomb-like  contrivance;    therefore  the  effect  on  one  weakened   by  disease  of  being  shut 
within  such  narrow  confines  can  readily  be  imagined. 


A  DRUG   STORE 
No  sound  of  a  sizzling  soda  fountain  is  heard  as  one  approaches  a  drug  store  in  Japan.     Owing 
to  great  danger  in  drinking  unboiled  water,  hot  tea  is  the  staple  beverage  usually  served  through- 
out Japan  in  drug  stores  and  elsewhere.     It  is  also  served  in  many  of  the  large  stores,  the  pro- 
prietor sipping  a  cup  of  tea  with  his  prospective  customer  before  the  shopping  begins. 

Photographs  by  William  Wisner  Chapin. 
[127] 


CL- 


C  BN  E  S      FR.OM      E  V  E  R  V     LAND 


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[1281 


SCENES      FROM      E V E R V     LAND 


.^^^ 


A   SICILIAN   BELLE 
Photograph  hy  Von  Gloeden. 


[  12;t  ] 


=D 


CBNES      FROM      E  V  E  R  V     LAND     |; 


[130] 


SCENES      FROM      EVERY     LAND 


CHILDREN   OF   SOUTH   BEVELAND.  AN   ISLAND   ADJACENT   TO 
WALCHEREN,  HOLLAND 

These  two  islands  form  part  of  the  province  of  Zealand,  the  greater  portion  of  whose  sur- 
face is  below  the  level  of  the  sea.  The  province  is  protected  by  more  than  300  miles  of  dikes. 
—  Photograph  from  Hugh  M.  Smith. 


[  131  ] 


SCENES      FROM      EVERV     LAND 


A   TEAM   OF   NINE    YOKE    OF   OXEN    DRAWING   A    BLOCK   OF   MARBLE 
THROUGH   THE   STREETS   OF   CARRARA,  ITALY 

Carrara  owes  its  fame  and  prosperity  to  the  marble  hills  which  surround  the  town;  fj.OOO 
men  are  employed  in  the  neighboring  quarries  to  cut  and  ship  the  beautiful  white  Carrara 
marble,  which  is  sent  to  all  parts  of  the  world  to  be  carved  into  exquisite  statuary. 


I  132] 


SCENES      FROM      EVERY     LAND 


THE    DOLLS   OF   CUERNAVACA,  MEXICO,  WHERE    PROBABLY   THE   SMALLEST 

DOLLS   IN   THE   WORLD   ARE   MADE.     ENLARGED   SLIGHTLY 

IN   THE    riCTT^RE 


THE   CHEESE    MARKET   IN   FULL   SWING,  ALKMAR,  HOLLAND 

A  part  of  the  golden  field  as  seen  from  a  window  in  the  weigh-house  tower.     Each  of  the 
piles  contains  from  500  to  900  cheeses. —  Photograph  by  Hugh  M.  Smith. 

[133] 


SCENES      FROM      E  V  E  R  V     LAND 


fjjjjf^j^^^'^'i^'i^itutmtmsiimmM0mmm^Uimtmmmm0^ 


THE    P^ACADE    OF   A   MOORISH    HOUSE    IN    TUNIS 

Photograph  hif  Lchnrrt  and  Landrork.  from  Frank  Edward  Johnson. 


[  134  ] 


SCENES      FROM      E V E R V     LAN D ^ 


STATUETTE    SHOWING    THE   CAKEWALK   OF   THE   GRECIANS   2,000    YEARS 
AGO    AND   THE    HOBBLE-SKIRT   OF   ANCIENT   ATHENS.  REVIVED 
BY   THE    PARISIAN    DRESSMAKERS   IN    IDll 
This  picture  is  a  photograph  of  one  of  the  Greek  bronzes  found  in  a  sunken  galley  of!  the 
coast  of  Tunis  recently.     The  galley  was  wrecked  nearly  two  thousand  years  ago  while  on 
its  way  from  Greece  to  Rome  carrying  a  load  of  Grecian  marbles  to  decorate  the  villas  of 
wealthy  Romans.     Greek  sculptors  admired  form  in  line  so  much  that  one  rarely  found  ugly 
or  comical  works  of  art  among  them.     The  Romans  at  the  time  this  .statuette  was  made 
enjoyed  watching  the  antics  of  dwarfs,  male  and  female,  and  grotesque  jesters  at  their  ban- 
quets, and   this   statuette   was   doubtless  a  life-like  copy  of   some  well-known  entertainer. 
—  Phoioqraph  from  Frank  Edward  Johnson. 


SCENES      FROM      E V E R V     LAND 


136  1 


SCENES      FROM      E V E R V     LAND 


A 


[137] 


GENES      FROM      E  V  E  FL  V     LAND 


H  0^  tJ  CI, 
•2  §   I 


138  ] 


SCENES      FROM      E  V  E  R  V     LAND 


SCENE    IN   A   DATE   GARDEN    OF   NORTH   AFRICA 
Dates  grow  in  large  bunches  which  contain  hundreds  of  the  fruit.     Some  of  the  clusters 
are  so  heavy  that  the  fruit  must  be  straddled  on  the  nearest  leaf  stalk  (as  in  this  illustration) 
to  prevent  the  stem  of  the  cluster  from  being  broken  by  the  weight.—  Photograph  hy  Thos 
H.  Kearney. 


L  131) 


SCENES      FROM      E V E R V     LAND 


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[140  1 


SCENES      FROM      EVERY     LAND 


INTERIOR   OF   AN   ARAB    HOUSE,  KAIROWAN,  NORTH   AFRICA 
Photograph  by  Lehncrt  and  Landrock,  from  Frank  Edward  Johnson. 


[141] 


SCENES      FROM      E  V  E  FL  V     LAND 


•I   .->. 


,v.  :#i 


[  142 


SCENES      FROM      EVERY     LAND 


TROGLODYTE  COURTYARD,  OR  PATIO  OF  THE  SHEIK  OF  MATMATA, 
SHOWING  ENTRANCES  INTO  VARIOUS  CAVES 

The  holes  vary  in  depth  and  width,  but  average  nine  meters  deep  by  fifteen  meters  in 
circumference.  This  great  hole  is  used  as  a  "patio."  or  courtyard.  Numerous  caves  dug  in 
the  sides  of  the  hole  serve  as  living-rooms  and  storehouses.  One  enters  these  dwellings  by 
means  of  a  passage  tunneled  through  the  earth  or  rock.  Some  of  the  ceilings  are  roughly 
ornamented  with  Arabic  designs  cut  in  bas-relief  in  the  rock  and  the  dates  when  the 
dwellings  were  dug.  None  of  them  seem  to  go  back  more  than  100  years. —  Photograph  by 
Soler,  from  Frank  Edward  Johnson. 


[  143  1 


SCENES      FROM      E V E R V     LAND 


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144  ] 


SCENES      FROM      E V E R V     LAND 


A   \v\^sll>l;    ri:,\  noi'si-; 

Tea  houses  in  Japan  are  most  welcome  and  opportune  resting  ijlaces  in  the  day's  journey.  Visitors  are  usu- 
ally served  by  young  women,  who  not  only  fill  the  place  of  waitresses  but  are  charming  hostesses.  At  the 
wayside  inn  in  the  picture  the  old  couple  were  most  considerate  of  our  comfort. 


M  NS    SOl.lClTlNc;    ALMS,   .lAl'AN 
In    the   right    hand   of  each   nun   is  a   little  hammer,  which   is   used    to   strike   the  small   metal  gong  attached    to 
the  belt    to  give  notice  of    their  approach,  so   that    a  i)erson    may    be    prepared    to    make    a    contribution.     If    the 
coin  is  forthcoming  the  nuns  deposit  it  for  the  time  being  in  the  box  hanging  at  their  side. 

Photographs  by  William  Wisner  Chapin. 


[145] 


SCENES      FROM      E V E R V     LAND 


146 


SCENES      FROM      E  V  E  R  V     LAND 


O'  ^  o  .5 


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[  147 


SCENES      FROM      E  V  E  R.  V     LAND     |s 


WOMEN   AT   A  WELL   IN   MEDENINE 

(See  pages  144  and  147.) 


WOMEN    OF   MEDENINE,  SOUTHERN    TUNISIA 
Photographs  hy  Marie  Helms. 


[148] 


SCENES      FROM      E  V  E  R_  V     LAND 


•a|^j«^i«:  —i  "■iii'^e*j 


COSTUME  OF  ARAB  WOMEN,  WHITE   HAIKS  AND   BLACK  FACE-VEILS.  TUNIS 
Pliotograph  by  Lehnert  and  Landrock,  from  Frank  Edward  Johnson. 


[  149  ] 


SC  EN  E  S      FR.OM      E  V  E  R  V     LAND 


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[  l-'JO  ] 


SCENES      FROM      EVERY     LAND 


LIBERIAN  NATIVE  SPINNING  THE  GYROSCOPIC  TOP 
The  top  can  be  seen  in  the  air  above  the  Golah  man's  head.  The  top  is  kept  in  the  air  by 
repeated  strokes  of  the  small  whip  in  his  right  hand.  To  start  the  top  the  lash  of  the  whip 
is  wound  around  the  body  of  the  top,  making  a  little  more  than  one  turn.  The  top  is  then 
placed  on  the  ground  with  the  stem  to  one  side.  The  whip  is  given  a  quick  upward  motion, 
throwing  the  top  into  the  air  at  the  same  time,  imparting  to  it  a  spinning  motion.  As  the 
top  drops  within  reach,  but  before  it  touches  the  ground,  it  is  struck  with  the  whip  in  such  a 
manner  that  the  lash  winds  around  the  stem  close  to  the  head.  The  stroke  is  immediately 
followed  by  another  upward  motion,  which  again  throws  the  top  up  and  makes  it  revolve 
still  faster.  This  operation  is  repeated  rapidly,  the  top  going  faster  and  faster  with  each 
stroke,  until  it  begins  to  emit  a  low  musical  note.  Skilled  performers  have  no  difficulty  in 
keeping  the  top  in  the  air  for  any  length  of  time  desired.—  Photograph  by  G.  N.  Collim. 


[151] 


V-FISIRS      FROM      EVERV     LAN  D  Is 


HAND-DRUM   ORCHESTRA   OF   THREE    PLAYERS   IN   THE    ZAMBESI    DELTA, 
IN   PORTUGUESE   EAST   AFRICA 
Both  the  bare  hand  and  a  short  drumstick  are  used  in  producing  the  weird  but  highly- 
variable  "music."     A  carved  image  on  a  post  presides  over  the  occasion.—  Photographs  by  O. 
W.  Barrett. 

[  L-.2  ] 


SCENES      FROM      E  V  E  R  V     LAND 


THE   CHAMPION    HIGH   JUMPER   OF   AFRICA 

While  exploring  German  East  Africa,  the  Duke  of  Mecklenburg  was  much  impressed  by 
the  agility  and  ease  in  jumping  hedges  displayed  by  the  natives  of  the  Ruanda  district,  and 
determined  to  test  their  jumping  powers  by  American  and  European  methods.  Accordingly 
a  line,  which  could  be  raised  or  lowered  at  will,  was  stretched  between  two  slender  trees  stand- 
ing on  an  incline.  The  athletes  had  to  run  up  to  this  and  jump  from  a  small  termite  heap 
a  foot  in  height.  De.spite  these  unfavorable  conditions,  exhibitions  were  given  which  would 
place  all  European  efforts  in  the  .shade.  The  best  jumpers  —  slender  but  splendid  figures, 
with  an  almost  Indian  profile  — ■  attained  the  incredible  height  of  2.50  meters  (8  feet  .")  inches), 
and  young  boys  made  the  relatively  no  less  wonderful  performance  of  1.50  to  1.60  meters 
(5  feet). —  From  "In  the  Heart  of  Africa,"  by  Adolphus  Frederick.  Duke  of  Mecklenburg.  (Cassell 
&Co.) 

[  153  ] 


SCENES      FROM      EVERY     LAND 


I  - 


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[  154  ] 


SCENES      FROM      E  V  E  R  V     LAND 


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[155] 


SCENES      FROM      E  V  E  R.  V     LAND 


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[  ir.6  ] 


SCENES      FROM      E V E R V     LAND 


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[  157  ] 


SCENES      FROM      E V E R V     LAND 


KAFIR   DRUMS  AND    RATTLES.    THE    ROAR   OF  THESE    HUGE    DRUMS 
BE   HEARD   TEN   MILES   AWAY.     PORTUGUESE    EAST   AFRICA 
Photograph  by  0.  W.  Barrett. 


CAN 


RHINOS   FEEDING 

Note  the  birds  on  their  backs.  These  birds  eat  the  ticks  which  infest  the  beasts.  They 
also  act  as  sentinels,  by  their  fluttering  warning  their  companions  of  approaching  enemies. — 
Photograph  by  A.  Radcliff  Dugmore,  from  "Camera  Adventures  in  the  African  Wilds."  Copy- 
right by  Doubleday,  Page  &  Co. 

[158] 


SCENES      FROM      EVERY     LAND 


•:aafiri 


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[  159  ] 


SCENES      FROM      EVE  RV     LAND 


Photograph  by  J.  Akion  Loring      Copyright  by  Charles  Scribner's  Sons. 

No.  1.     TOWING    BULL   HIPPO   ASHORE,  LAKE   NAVAISHA 
This  huge  beast  was  shot  by  Theodore  Roosevelt  in  1909  and  forms  part  of  the  unpar- 
alled  zoological  collection  made  by  Ex-President  Roosevelt  for  the  U.  S.  National  Museum 
at  Washington. 


'fWif^ 


Photograph  by  Kermit  Roosevelt.     Copyright  by  Charles  Scribner's  Sons- 

No.  3.     SKINNING    THE    HIPPO 
Photographs  from  "African  Game  Trails,"  by  Theodore  Roosevelt. 

[  160  j 


SCENES      FROM      E  V  E  R  V     LAND 


I'liotouraph  hy  J.  Aldcn  Lorin;,'       (  (i|)>  ri'-hl   hy  cliaiir 


rrilmers  Sons 


No.    2.    BULL   HIPPO   HAULED   ASHORE   AND    READY  FOR   SKINNING. 
LAKE   NAVAISHA,  BRITISH    EAST   AFRICA 


"%.      -^. 


Photograph  by  l\rriiiii   Km, ,-(,,/       ,    .[.  ,     hy  Charles  Scribncr's  Sons. 

No.  4.     PREPARING   THE   SKIN   FOR   SHIPMENT   TO   U.  S.  NATIONAL  MUSEUM 

There  is  no  African  collection  in  Europe  or  America  equal  in  numbers  or  quality  to  the 
remarkable  series  of  big  and  little  game  which  Mr.  Roosevelt  obtained  for  the  U.  S. 
National  Museum. 

Photographs  from  "African  Game  Trails,"  hy  Theodore  Roosevelt. 


[161] 


SCENES      FROM      EVERY     LAND 


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[162] 


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[163] 


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164  ] 


SCENES      FROM      EVE  FLY     LAN  D 


[  165  ] 


SCENES      FROM      E  V  E  R  V     LAND 


mm  (S 


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SCENES      FROM      E V E R V     LAND 


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SCENES      FROM      EVERY     LAND 


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168  ] 


SCENES      FROM      E  V  E  R  V     LAND 


» 


ONE    OF   THE   CARVED   MONOLITHS   OF   QUIRIGUA,  GUATEMALA 
None  of  these  remarka})le  monoliths  at  Quirigua  contain  any  carving  or  representation 
of  a  weapon  of  war,  which  is  a  proof  of  the  advanced  civilization  and  culture  of  the  unknown 
people  who  constructed  them. 


[169] 


SCENES      FROM      E V E R V      LAND 


MARKET    SCENE    AT    SAN    CRISTOBAL.  MEXICO 
The  streamers  on  the  man's  hat  indicate  he  is  unmarried  and  has  a  sweetheart. 


170  ] 


SCENES      FROM      E V E R V     LAND 


=JD 


THE   TRUNK   OF   A   CACAO  (CHOCOLATE)  TREE.  PICHUCALCO.  MEXICO 
Showing  the  peculiar  position  in  which  the  fruit  grows.     Cacao  beans  are  still  used  as 
money  in  the  primitive  parts  of  Southern  Mexico.-  Photograph  by  G.  X.  Collins  and  C.  B. 
Doyle. 

[171] 


$!     SCENES      FROM      E  V  E  R  V     LANd" 


Ci 


[172 


SC  EN  E  S      FROM      E  V  E  R  V      LAND 


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[173] 


SCENES      FROM      EVE  RV     LAND 


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[174] 


SCENES      FROM      E  V  E  R  V     LAND 


[  175  ] 


SCENES      FROM      E V E R V     LAND 


A    (  u:\.S1i.N.MI;N  I     (.)1''    l-KillTLXU    CUL'KS,  A1KXU'() 

Note  the  specially  constructed  basket,  with  its  padded  sides.     Only  specially  bred  cocks  are 
treated  with  such  consideration. —  Photngraph  from  Mri^.  Harriet  Chalmers  Adams. 


[17G] 


SCENES      FROM      E  V  E  R  V      LAND 


A   MASSIVE   TREE-CACTUS  IN   THE    DESERT  NEAR   TEHUACAN,  MEXICO 

(Pilocercus  fulviceps) 

Several  hundred  gallons  of  water  are  stored  in  its  fiber.  Some  desert  plants  have  cisterns 
which  they  fill  with  water  against  the  days  of  drought,  just  as  the  ant  stores  its  cellar  with 
grain  and  choice  morsels  in  preparation  for  the  days  when  it  is  imprisoned  by  the  rain  and 
snows  of  winter.  Another  species  will  spend  many  years  to  gather  the  force  to  send  upward 
a  single  stalk  of  flowers  and  then  immediately  die  as  if  contented,  after  years  of  labor,  to 
perpetuate  itself  by  this  single  blossoming.  Other  plants  have  developed  hairy  coverings 
and  resinous  coatings  which  protect  them  from  the  burning  sun's  rays  and  also  prevent  the 
evaporation  of  the  water  they  have  secreted. —  Photograph  by  D.  T.  MacDougal. 

r  177] 


ROM      EVERV     LANdH^ 


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05   3  t3  -^  %2 


[  178  ] 


SC  EN  E  S      FROM      E  V  E  R  V     LAND 


SCENE    IN   THE    DESERT   OF    LOWER   CALIFORNIA,  MEXiro 

This  desert  contains  the  richest  and  most  extraordinary  desert  flora  in  the  world  (see  also 
pages  180-5).  Mr.  E.  W.  Nelson  of  the  U.  S.  Biological  Survey  writes:  "Although  familiar 
with  the  varied  types  of  plant  life,  from  the  stunted  growth  of  Arctic  tundras  to  the  exuber- 
ant foliage  of  the  humid  tropics,  I  have  never  seen  such  a  fantastic  riot  of  extraordinary  forms 
as  that  afforded  by  the  flora  of  Lower  California.  The  combinations  of  species  were  often 
wonderfully  picturesque  and  gave  the  landscape  an  individuality  unlike  anything  to  be  found 
elsewhere.  The  cirio  {Idria  columnaris)  is  peculiar  to  this  region  and  one  of  the  most  abundant 
and  unusual  of  them  all.  It  has  a  tall,  tapering  trunk  twenty  to  fifty  feet  high,  with  pale 
yellowish  bark,  many  extremely  thorny  branchlets  along  its  entire  length,  and  tufts  of  .small 
yellowish  flowers  on  the  end  of  long,  slender  stalks  at  the  extreme  tip.  Thin  forests  of  these 
pole-like  trees  cover  hundreds  of  miles  of  the  interior." 

The  pole-like  trees  are  the  "cirio"  (Idria  (•olumnaris) ;  the  many-branched  shrub  on  the 
left  is  an  "ocotilla"  (Fouquiern  splendev.s).  which  bears  a  brush-like  mass  of  brilliant  red 
flowers  at  the  tips  of  the  stalks.  Small  oval  leaves  grow  along  the  stems. —  Photograph  by 
E.  W.  Nelson. 

I  i7;t  1 


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[181] 


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[186] 


SC  EN  E  S      FROM      E  V  E  R.  V     LAND 


RECEIVING   THE   CONCRETE,  PANAMA 

Note  the  men  standing  on  top  of  the  wall  on  the  extreme  left.  Nowhere  else  in  the  world 
has  there  ever  been  such  a  vast  amount  of  masonry  constructed  on  any  single  engineering 
project  as  is  being  built  in  the  locks  and  spillways  of  the  Panama  Canal.  In  times  gone  by 
the  masonry  of  all  great  projects,  like  the  Pyramids  of  ancient  times  and  the  Assuan  Dam  of 
to-day,  was  made  of  natural  rock;  at  Panama  they  make  artificial  rock,  and  make  it  so  fast 
that  one  scarcely  can  believe  his  eyes.  The  concrete  required  on  the  whole  project  amounts  to 
more  than  four  and  a  half  million  cubic  yards.  This  is  enough  to  build  up  an  airline  street 
from  New  York  to  Washington,  with  six-room  houses  on  both  sides.  Expressing  the  magni- 
tude of  the  project  in  another  way,  it  would  make  a  regulation  .sidewalk  nine  feet  wide  by  six 
inches  thick,  reaching  more  than  twice  around  the  earth.  The  Panama  Canal  must  go  down 
into  history  as  the  greatest  effort  man  ever  has  made  and  perhaps  ever  will  make  to  .simulate 
the  processes  of  geologic  ages  and  do  in  days  what  nature  required  unreckoned  years  to 
accomplish. 


[  187 


GENES      FROM      E  V  E  R  V      LAND 


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188] 


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[  I8;t 


SCENES      FROM      E  V  E  R  V      LAND 


190  ] 


SCENES      FROM      E V E R V     LAND 


'^li^'^'C^r^W^^ 


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[191] 


SCENES      FROM      E  V  E  R.  V      LAND 


THE  TEVIS  BAMBOO  GROVE  OF  BAKERSFIELD,  CALIFORNIA 
This  is  the  first  grove  of  any  size  to  be  estabUshed  in  America.  Mr.  William  Tevis,  of 
San  Francisco,  the  owner,  bought  a  single  plant  of  the  "Giant  Japanese  Bamboo"  from  a 
Japanese  nurseryman  in  San  Francisco  about  twelve  years  ago,  and  from  this  single  plant 
has  grown  a  grove  which  is  so  strikingly  beautiful  that  those  who  have  seen  it  declare  it  to 
be  one  of  the  most  fascinating  things  in  the  country.  The  graceful,  plume-like  stems  rise 
over  fifty  feet  in  the  air,  and  cast  an  enchanting  shade  on  the  carpet  of  brown  dead  leaves 
below.  Some  variety  of  bamboo  can  be  grown  in  almost  every  part  of  the  United  States. 
No  plant  or  tree  can  be  put  to  so  many  uses  as  the  bamboo. —  PhotograpJi  by  P.  H.  Dorsett. 


[  li'2  ] 


SCENES      FROM      EVE  R_V     LAN  D 


A   COON   TAKING    HIS    OWN    PICTURE   BY   PULLING   A   STRING   BAITED 

WITH   CHEESE   AND   FISH.     (See  pages  196  and  197.) 

Picture  shows  he  preferred  the  cheese  to  the  fish.     Note  how  he  holds  the  cheese  in  his 

paws,  eating  like  a  monkey.—  Photograph  by  George  Shiras,  3d. 


AN   ALBINO   PORCUPINE    WHICH    WAS   BOTH   BLIND   AND    DEAF 

Photographed  by  George  Shiras.  Zd.  for  six  successive  years.     (See  page  194. ) 

[  193  ] 


SCENES      FROM      E  V  E  R  V     LAND 


[  194 


SCENES      FROM      E V E R V     LAND 


D 


PHOTOGRAPH   OF   THE    STAGHOUND  "RANGER,"  FROM   WHOSE    FACE, 

HEAD    AND   MOUTH   600  QUILLS   WERE   EXTRACTED   AFTER 

HIS   FIGHT   WITH   A   PORCUPINE 

The  porcupine  had  taken  a  position  beneath  a  log.  As  the  dogs  attacked  him  he  turned 
and  struck  them  terrific  blows  in  the  face  with  his  short  clubbed  tail  and  at  every  stroke  he 
left  a  mark  like  a  cushionful  of  barbed  needles.  The  dogs  that  could  reach  the  porcupine 
bit  him  in  the  back  and  tail  till  mouth  and  tongue  were  a  quivenng  mass  of  barbs.  Mr^t  oville 
states  that  the  porcupine  would  have  killed  half  the  pack  if  they  had  not  come  to  the  dogs 
assistance.  Notwithstanding  such  an  experience,  the  hghtmg  dogs  are  always  ready  to 
attack  a  porcupine  again.—  Photograph  by  Frederick  V  .  Coville. 

I  195  1 


SCENES      FROM      E  V  E  R- V     LAND 


THE    STRING   WAS   CONNECTED   WITH   THE    FLASH    IN    SUCH   A   WAY   AS 

TO   SHOW   THE   ANIMAL   FULL   LENGTH 

The  author  varied  the  arrangement  of  the  bait  and  flash  so  as  to  secure  portraits  of  the 

coon  in  different  positions.     This  coon  was  photographed  almost  every  night  during  an  entire 

summer ;    the  flash  in  every  case  being  sent  off  by  the  coon  itself.—  Photograph  hy  George 

Shiras,  M. 


[  1%  ] 


SCENES   FROM   E V E R V  LAND 


A  FRONT  VIEW  OF  THE  COON,  OBTAINED  BY  THE  SAME  METHOD  AS 

EMPLOYED  TO  SECURE  THE  PRECEDING  PICTURE 
Though  fully  thirty  pictures  were  made  of  this  one  coon,  with  several  cameras  set  at 
different  angles,  Mr.  Shiras  never  saw  the  animal.  The  wide  distribution  of  the  coon  and 
his  abundance  in  the  more  settled  portions  of  the  country,  together  with  his  voracious  appe- 
tite often  makes  him  a  nuisance  to  farmers.  The  coon  shown  here,  and  on  pages  193  and 
196'  in  a  single  night  killed  sixty  young  chickens.  "While  the  coon  is  cunning,  he  is  not 
only  very  inquisitive,  but  extremely  daring  when  after  a  choice  meal.  Possibly,  a  miUion 
coons  are  trapped  every  year,  and  yet  few  are  shot,  except  at  night  with  the  aid  of  dogs. 
The  coon  is  almost  wholly  nocturnal,"  says  Mr.  Shiras,  "for  I  have  been  on  islands  in  the 
Gulf  of  Mexico  which  harbored  untold  thousands,  and  yet.  although  they  were  not  molested, 
I  seldom  saw  one  in  daytime."— P/fo/ogrrop/i  by  George  Shiras,  3d. 


[  197  1 


SC  EN  E  S      FROM      EVE  RV     LAN  D 


[  198  ] 


SCENES      FROM      E  V  E  R  V     LAND 


CHINESE    HIGH-CLASS   FUNERAL,  PEKING 
A  Chinese  proverb  is:    "  The  most  important  thing  in  Ufe  is  to  be  buried  well." 


WEDDING   CHAIR   OF   A   BRIDEGROOM,  PEKING,  CHINA 
Photographs  by  William  Wisner  Chapin. 


[199] 


SCENES      FROM      E  V  E  R.  V     LAND 


[200] 


SCENES      FROM      E  V  E  R  V     LAND 


• 

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THE   SENTINEL   EWE 

After  a  long  stalk  on  all-fours  Mr.  Shiras  got  within  fifty  feet.  Note  the  extremely  long 
legs  of  the  ewe.  The  short  black  horns  and  white  body  have  led  many  of  the  Alaskan  miners 
from  the  Rocky  Mountain  States  to  mistake  the  ewes  of  these  sheep  for  white  mountain  goats. 


A    BICx    RAM    FH(>TU(iRAPHED    AT    Fll-TY    i'EEi    1  IUkM    AMBUSH 

He  jumped  the  instant  after  the  shutter  revolved,  but  left  his  picture  behind  him.     Note 
the  fine  and  graceful  horns.     (See  page  1!»8.) 

Photographs  hij  (ieorge  Shiras,  3d. 


SCENES      FROM      EV  E RV     LAND 


^  .\h:/^ 


[  202  ] 


SCENES      FROM      EVERY     LAND 


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L  203  1 


SCENES      FROM      E  V  E  R  V     LAND 


ANOTHER   VIEW    OF   THE    RAINBOW   ARCH    IN   UTAH 

PItotograph  and  Copyright  by  S.  M.  Young. 


[  204  1 


SCENES      FR.OM      E  V  E  FL  V     LAND 


^ 

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ONE    LIMB    OF   THE    RAINBOW    ARCH    PHOTOGRAPHED   FROM   THE   BASE 

OF   THE    OPPOSITE    LIMB 

This  picture  brings  out,  perhaps,  more  than  any  other  the  imposing  proportions  of  the 
structure.  It  is  not  the  size  alone,  though  this  far  exceeds  the  greatest  masonry  arches  con- 
structed by  engineering  skill;  nor  is  it  solely  the  graceful  lines  or  curvature  of  maximum 
stability,  but  rather  all  of  these,  that  combine  to  make  this  the  most  remarkable  single  arch 
now  known.  It  would  easily  span,  with  room  to  spare,  the  dome  of  the  Capitol  at  Washington ; 
or,  if  hung  over  the  Flatiron  Building  of  New  York,  its  limbs  would  come  within  a  few  feet  of 
the  ground,  though  to  the  west  of  Fifth  Avenue  on  the  one  hand  and  to  the  east  of  Broadway 
on  the  other.  The  arch  is  carved  from  a  buff-colored,  fine-grained  sandstone,  brick-red  upon 
its  surface  and  stained  with  vertical  streaks  of  a  darker  shade. —  Photograph  by  Joseph  E. 
Pogue. 

[  205  ] 


SCENES      FROM      E V E R V     LAND 


[20G 


SCENES      FROM      E  V  E  R  V     LAND 


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[207] 


SCENES      FROM      E  V  E  R  V      LAND 


=D 


GLACIERS  OF  THE  SOUTHWEST  SLOPE  OF  MOUNT  RAINIER 
In  the  center  of  it  (the  Rainier  National  Park)  there  is  a  lonely  mountain  capped  with 
ice;  from  the  ice-cap  glaciers  radiate  in  every  direction,  and  young  rivers  from  the  glaciers; 
while  its  flanks,  sweeping  down  in  beautiful  curves,  are  clad  with  forests  and  gardens  and 
filled  with  birds  and  animals.  Specimens  of  the  best  of  nature's  treasures  have  been  lovingly 
gathered  here  and  arranged  in  simple  symmetrical  beauty  within  regular  bounds. —  John 
MuiR. —  Photograph  by  A.  H.  Barnes. 


20S 


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ICE    FIELDS    ON   THE   WEST   SLOPE    OF   MIDDLE    SISTER.  OREGON 
On  steep  inclines  the  climbing-rope  and  ice-ax  are  essential  to  a  reasonable  degree  of  safety. 

Photograph  by  George  M.  Weister. 


[  209  ] 


SCENES      FROM      E V E R V     LAND 


[210] 


SCENES      FROM      E  V  E  R  V     LAND 


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[215] 


SCENES      FROM      E V E R V     LAND 


THE  WORLD'S  GREATEST  WATERFALL 

Kaioteur  Falls,  in  British  Guiana.    The  drop  is  741  feet,  or  about  five  times  as  high  as  Niagara. 

At  the  brink  the  falls  are  369  feet  wide.—  Photograph  by  Leonard  Kennedy. 


[216] 


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